Thought paper based on Buffalo Bill Essay Example for Free

Thought paper dependent on Buffalo Bill Essay William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill) was conceived on the 26th of February 1846 in Iowa. In Don Russell’s legitimate life story, The Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill, William Cody’s ancestry was followed to Philippe Le Caude of the Isle of Jersey, who wedded Marthe Le Brocq of Guernsey in the area of St. Brelades, Isle of Jersey, on September 15, 1692. â€Å"Russell’s research was careful and excellent; the notes for his book in the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming, are evidence of that. † (Carter, Robert A. p. 11)  â â â â â â â â â â â Just like the manner in which history was followed in Russell’s book, the film additionally follows the fundamental realities in history and the life of William Cody.  â â          Also the characters in the film for the most part bear the names of the genuine individuals associated with this bit of history, and their activities take after those of their verifiable partners.  â â â â â â â â â â The film does without a doubt pass on the environment and settings of the time which it delineates precisely. This is on the grounds that in the film, the story was improved to delineate the account as precisely as could be expected under the circumstances, and not only just to add show to the occasions.  â â â â â â â â â â â â According to Russell’s book, â€Å"Buffalo Bill’s most remote predecessor who was unquestionably known was one Philip Legody. Philip Legody’s last name likewise shows up in different enduring records in varieties like Mocody, Lagody, McCody, Micody, Gody, Coady, Cody and even Codie. In spite of the fact that the family names are French, the Channel Islands have been British belongings since the medieval times. Not a single Irish or Spanish to be seen; simply acceptable English stock. The Cody Family Association’s book The Descendants of Philip and Martha Cody conveys the line down to the current day. Wild ox Bill was 6th in plunge from Philip. Philip and Martha bought a home in Beverly, Massachusetts, in 1698, and involved it for a quarter century, cultivating six sections of land of contiguous land. In 1720 Philip purchased land in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and he and his family moved there, most likely in 1722 or 1723. At the point when he kicked the bucket in 1743, his will was probated under the name of Coady. (Carter, Robert A.)  â â â â â â â â â â William Cody’s family moved Kansas around 11 years after he was conceived, and they settled in what is as of now Kansas Territory. Cody’s father passed on in 1857, and he needed to glance work so as to have the option to help accommodate the family. He began filling in as a delegate out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, â€Å"and later was perhaps the most youthful rider for the Pony Express until they were supplanted by the telegraph.† (William F. Wild ox Bill Cody.)  â â â â â â â â â â Cody was soon to get fill in as an envoy kid for an organization store at Leavenworth, Kansas which was possessed by Majors and Russell. For a long time, he took a stab at catching, and during the Pikes Peak dash for unheard of wealth, he likewise had a go at prospecting. At long last, he was not extremely effective in any of these endeavors.  â â â â â â â â â â â In 1860, Cody was employed as a rider for the Pony Express when Russell, Majors, and Waddell, went into organization and framed the Pony Express so as to publicize and acquire an agreement for a focal course for mail to the Pacific. Cody, effectively familiar with the principals in this association, was recruited as a rider. The Pony Express worked from April 3, 1860 to November 18, 1861. The endeavor worked at a misfortune and neglected to carry the ideal agreement to Cody’s businesses, whose organization finished in chapter 11. (Wear Russell 1960)  â â â â â â â â â â William’s mother passed on the 22nd of November 1863, and soon after that, he enrolled in the seventh Kansas Cavalry at the age of 18, a choice that was clearly impacted by liquor and his companions. During the Civil War Cody saw activity in Tennessee, Mississippi, and Missouri. He served 19 months, including one year of deployment ready. He battled for a long time against the Confederacy. In 1866 he wedded Louisa Frederici. In the wake of being released from the military he moved to Salt Creek Valley, Kansas where he before long began filling in as a scout and guide. He additionally utilized his aptitudes to give meat to the groups taking a shot at the railroad. During this period he battled in upwards of sixteen fights with Native Americans, and was chasing guide for the rich and well known visiting the West, including Grand Duke Alexis of Russia. (Shufelt, Catherine)  â â â â â â â â â â Cody married Louisa Frederici on the sixth of March 1866, after his military release, and he went to function as a scout at Fort Ellsworth for a brief timeframe. An old associate of his, James Butler â€Å"Wild Bill† Hickok, was additionally a representative at Fort Ellsworth at that point. Cody was later to be recruited by the administration of the Kansas Pacific Railroad in an agreement in which he was to kill wild ox to gracefully nourishment for the company’s railroad track layers for eight months. This activity is evidently where the moniker Buffalo Bill started. A moniker that would later get known around the entire world.  â â â â â â â â â As a scout for the United States Army, Cody separated himself, and was esteemed so exceptionally in the military that General Phil Sheridan demanded keeping Cody on the Army’s finance, considerably after the crusade finished. This was something unbelievable for scouts in the military around then, and it caused it feasible for scouts to get recognized, and furthermore made ready for the scout to turn into a set up position in the Army, during the long stretches of the Indian wars. In October 1868, General Sheridan made William Cody boss scout of the fifth Cavalry.  â â â â â â â â â â As a national figure, Cody initially started to stand out when a sequential anecdote about â€Å"Buffalo Bill† was distributed in a New York paper in 1869. At that point he persuaded the task to be a guide for a chasing trip left upon by the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia, in 1872. With the press following the Duke’s each move, Cody got significantly more presentation. This experience was trailed by his first outing toward the eastern states. He went to a play about himself and was convinced to participate in the presentation. In this way started a time of years when Cody shifted back and forth between exploring obligations and showy visits. (Wear Russell 1960)  â â â â â â â â â  Buffalo Bill understood his desire of facilitating a major outside presentation that contained bison, ponies and cart prepares in Nebraska, in 1882. The show comprised mostly of theater and rodeo. There were additionally some carnival shows, and the demonstrate end up being through and through a fruitful one. From that point onward, Cody gave his life to this show for a long time, and traversed Europe, Canada and the United States on the show. â€Å"He was gotten by European eminence, hailed as a legend, and given the Congressional Medal of Honor. He had assorted business interests, and established the town of Cody, Wyoming as a vacationer attraction.† (Catherine Shufelt)  â â â â â â â â â During the war, William Cody was granted a Medal of Honor for activity against Indians at the South Fork of the Loup River in Nebraska, in 1872. He was later to assume a significant job in helping General George Crook’s crusade against the Sioux in 1876. In 1916, be that as it may, his name was expelled from the record of Medal of Honor beneficiaries, since he we was a non military personnel, and along these lines, thought about ineligible for the Medal of Honor grant. Cody got keen on building up the Big Horn Basin in Wyoming during the 1890s. The Cody Canal was worked in 1895, as a component of the Shoshone Land and Irrigation Project. The organization spread out a townsite, first calling it â€Å"Shoshone.† With the Shoshoni Indian office in the area this was dismissed to maintain a strategic distance from disarray. Subsequently, in August, 1896 the Cody post office was set up, with Buffalo Bill’s nephew, Ed Goodman, as postmaster. The water venture prompted the structure of the Shoshone Dam, which was finished in 1910. The dam was renamed â€Å"Buffalo Bill Dam† in 1946. Wild ox Bill was likewise instrumental in bringing a rail line to the town of Cody in 1901. (Wear Russell 1960)  â â â â â â â â â â â William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill) kicked the bucket on the tenth of January 1917, in Denver, Colorado, and was covered on Lookout Mountain, which is west of Denver.  References Wear Russell. The Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill. College of Oklahoma Press,  â â â â â â â â â â 1960. Shufelt, Catherine. WHO was BUFFALO BILL? Carter, Robert A. Wild ox Bill Cody: The Man behind the Legend. William F. Wild ox Bill Cody. (Recovered from http://wyoarchives.state.wy.us/articles/buffalob.htm)

Education on health promotion Essay Example for Free

Training on wellbeing advancement Essay

Ethnicity Information (Optional)

Ethnicity Information (Optional) On college applications, you’ll probably come across a question like this, “I consider myself to belong to the following ethnic group(s) (check all that apply)”. At least for myself, this is an easy question to answer: my eyes automatically scan the page for “Mexican-American”. Boom. I mark it and move on to the next part of the application. For some though, this can be seen like a trick question. In a conversation I had with a friend, I discovered the nuances and tricks that this question can pose. For instance, “Hmm, so if I mark an ethnic identity do I get a scholarship? If I mark an identity will that give me brownie points with the admissions staff?” I stared at my friend dumbfounded. I wasn’t sure whether to laugh or scream. Was he suggesting that folks, like myself, who belong to an ethnic category through no choice of their own, had it easier at higher educational institutions? The short and easy answer is no. But since I like to complicate things, I’ll invi te you to my thoughts. Let me tell you something….college was hard for people like me- the first generation, ethnically identified, low income, whatever-other-category-you choose students. The difficulty with school wasn’t due largely to rigor of the curriculum; we chose to be at school because we liked it; no, the issues were much larger than that. For us, we had to think about our families we were leaving behind: “How can I help out with the bills this year if I am not there to contribute? How can mom and dad help me with my OWN bills, if I cannot contribute to the household income? How can I make friends at school if they don’t have to go through what I am going through?” For some of us, the issues got too big to handle. One particularly bright student had to drop out her junior year in college because of dad’s newly discovered thyroid problem. Another dropped out his senior year from his engineering program because mom could no longer work due to deportation procedures. In short, we can come with a lot of baggage; baggage that puts many, many obstacles in our way of graduating from a higher educational institution. According to who you choose to believe, Hispanic and African American students have between a 40 and 49 percent chance of graduating within six years from a university (The Chronicle, 2010), as compared with their white counterparts who have a 60 percent graduation rate. When people choose an ethnic identity because of the “benefits” in higher educations, it tends to cheapen an ethnic identity. It’s as though being Mexican-American, for example, will buy your way into the college of your choice and that couldn’t be farther from the truth. Come college application time and you come across this ethnicity question, I ask you to think of these things. I ask you to answer honestly, and move on to the next part of the application.

Paper Is Better Than Plastic - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 518 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Paper and plastic bags are roughly equal in pros and cons. While they are convenient addictions, they both gobble up natural resources and cause significant pollution. Get basic design benefits of a paper and plastic bag with our award-winning replacements the ACME Bags Workhorse (the plastic bag replacement) and the EarthTote (the paper bag replacement). Same brilliant basic design as their wasteful relatives, but designed to be used thousands of times. ISSUE 1: ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES It takes more than four times as much energy to manufacture a paper bag as it does to manufacture a plastic bag. ENERGY TO PRODUCE BAG ORIGINALLY (BTUs) Safeway Plastic Bags: 594 BTUs Safeway Paper Bags: 2511 BTUs Of course, most paper comes from tree pulp, so the impact of paper bag production on forests is enormous. In 1999, 14 million trees were cut to produce the 10 billion paper grocery bags used by Americans that year alone. Paper bag production delivers a global warming double-whammy forests (major absorbers of greenhouse gases) have to be cut down, and then the subsequent manufacturing of bags produces greenhouse gases. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Paper Is Better Than Plastic" essay for you Create order ISSUE 2: POLLUTION The majority of kraft paper is made by heating wood chips under pressure at high temperatures in a chemical solution. As evidenced by the unmistakable stench commonly associated with paper mills, the use of these toxic chemicals contributes to both air pollution, such as acid rain, and water pollution. Millions of gallons of these chemicals pour into our waterways each year; the toxicity of the chemicals is long-term and settles into the sediments, working its way through the food chain. Further toxicity is generated as both plastic and paper bags degrade. POLLUTANTS PAPER V. S. PLASTIC Paper sacks generate 70% more air and 50 times more water pollutants than plastic bags. ISSUE 3: RECYCLING It takes 91% less energy to recycle a pound of plastic than it takes to recycle a pound of paper. But recycling rates of either type of disposable bag are extremely low, with only 10 to 15% of paper bags and 1 to 3% of plastic bags being recycled, according to the Wall Street Journal. ENERGY TO RECYCLE PACKAGE ONCE (BTUs) Safeway Plastic Bags: 17 BTUs Safeway Paper Bags: 1444 BTUs Source: 1989 Plastic Recycling Directory, Society of Plastics Industry. Although paper bags have a higher recycling rate than plastic, each new paper grocery bag you use is made from mostly virgin pulp for better strength and elasticity. ISSUE 4: DEGRADABILITY Current research demonstrates that paper in todays landfills does not degrade or break down at a substantially faster rate than plastic does. In fact, nothing completely degrades in modern landfills because of the lack of water, light, oxygen and other important elements that are necessary for the degradation process to be completed. A paper bag takes up more space than a plastic bag in a landfill, but because paper is recycled at a higher rate, saving space in landfills is less of an issue. At the end of the day using reusable shopping bags are the real answer! 1989 Plastic Recycling Directory, Society of Plastics Industry. Comparison of the Effects on the Environment of Polyethylene and Paper Carrier Bags, Federal Office of the Environment, August 1988

Pop Art And Its Influence On American Culture - 786 Words

â€Å"If Pop art was a from of realism, it was a realism that represented the ways American consumer culture had altered the perception of reality itself. Pop artists imagined themselves confronting a world in which the scale and compass of consumer capitalism, with its near-total saturation of society, exceeded traditional perceptual structures (Miller 598). Pop Art movement took place in various cities but mainly in New York in the sixties and became popular within two or three years. Artist from this movement worked on â€Å"imagery originally created for the base amusement of lowbrows† (Scherman 68). This movement took place to get rid of boundaries between â€Å"high† art and â€Å"low† culture. I think the artist’s concept behind their work to show everyone that there is no hierarchy of culture. Pop Art was mainly about using other artists work and adding their own influential characteristics to it. The three commonly known artist from Pop Art move ment were Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, and James Rosenquist. Roy Lichtenstein lived in the Jersey suburbs and was an art professor at Rutgers University. At the age 37 Roy â€Å"was smuggling comic-strip characters into his otherwise unremarkable abstractions when it hit him: Why not make paintings that look just like comic books† (Scherman 71). He was even sued for copying others work but people didn’t notice that it was slightly different from Lichtenstein started painting comic-book characters because he was â€Å"desperate† and â€Å"it was hard toShow MoreRelatedARTS 125 Week 5 Assignment Art And Culture Paper858 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Art and Culture Liliana Gonzalez ART/125 May 11, 2015 Joseph Blomer University of Phoenix Abstract Art has evolved in ways only one can imagine, however; their imagination does not have to go far because all one has to do is turn on the computer and connect to the World Wide Web to get information on everything. 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The essay will show their similarities, differences, and the reason why Pop Art did not continue with the Dada tradition although Pop Art also utilized everyday objects as subjects to create art justRead MoreImpact Of Pop Art1448 Words   |  6 PagesDEPICTED IN TOM WESSELMANN’S POP ART† Christopher Zacherl ARTH 3340: Art of the United States November 20, 2017 In the 1960s, pop art represented the attempt to return to a more objective, universally acceptable form of art following the dominance of the highly personal Abstract Expressionism in the United States and Europe. It was considered very radical compared to what the art world had seen in the 40s and 50s, rejecting the supremacy of the â€Å"high art† of the past and the pretenses

Identity Theft Is Not Had A Clear Definition - 826 Words

Introduction Identity theft has not had a clear definition. The unclear definition is due to the complexity of the facts regarding identity theft. Identity theft, also known as ‘the crime of the new millennium’ or white color theft has come to the public eyes due to the impacts of the act (Craats, 2005). Identity theft occurs when a person misappropriates another person’s information and uses it with the intention of gaining some particular advantages. In this case, a person means not only a human being but also a legal person such as a company (Craats, 2005). In most cases, the advantage gained is financial, for example, presuming identity of a person, taking their credit card and through deception, withdrawing money from their accounts. In U.S, the federal law defines identity theft as ‘knowingly transferring, holding, or using, without authorized right, a way of identification of another individual with the intent to undertake, aid any illegal activity that includes violation of Federal law, or that constitutes a felony under any national or local law.’ Identity theft has been said to be made easier due to globalization and lack of cyber borders (Giles 2010). Lack of cyber borders provides a ripe environment for identity thieves to function from within the state s borders as well as from beyond. Abstract As the definition states, identity theft takes two processes. 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Harmonic Biodiversity is Crucial to Survival Essay Example For Students

Harmonic Biodiversity is Crucial to Survival Essay Biodiversity, as defined by E.O. Wilson, is meant to be allinclusive- its the genetic based variation of living organisms at alllevels, from the variety of genes in populations of single species, throughspecies, on up to the array of natural ecosystems. This includes plants,animals, insects, fungi, bacteria, and all microorganisms. All of thesethings create what is known as a web. These things interact with eachother in some way there for they depend on one another throughouttheir lifetime. There are many separate ways in which we can studybiodiversity. These ways include, genetic, species, community, ecosystem,and taxonomic diversity. Biodiversity can be best number of species in agiven area, or scientifically, species richness.Today, there is a biodiversity crisis facing us. This iscaused mainly by the destruction of habitats. This dramatically increasesthe rate at which species decrease in number and become extinct. It isappalling to know that we are the main cause of this. Over f ishing,pollution, over cutting, and an increase in population contribute to thisproblem. Contamination of the environment of, for example, fish can in turnharm humans who eat those fish. Biodiversity promotes a healthy environment. Environmentsrich in biodiversity are stronger and can with stand things such asdrought, disease, and other stresses that environments that lack it cannot. In the video, during the drought, the side of the field with a morediverse environment held stern as the other wilted away.Areas that are verydiverse are very important to humans as well. They provide a wide range ofpharmaceuticals such as aspirin and penicillin. Some 40 percent of U.S. prescriptions are for pharmaceuticals derived from wild plants, animals andmicroorganisms. Old growth forests play a detrimental role in biodiversitypreservation. Its most important feature is biodiversity. Old growthforests provide us with many of the thingsthat we as humans take for granted, for example, breathable air pure water,and pest control through birds, bats, and insects. In the Eastern U.S.,most of the old growth occurs in small isolated areas. Scientists have cometo the conclusion that even if these matured areas cover a substantialportion of landscape, it will not provide long term diversity for manyspecies that live in such a community. Many environmentalists are increasingly concerned with thisbiodiversity crisis. As humans we need to do our part to end this. Mostpeople dont realize the overall and astounding effect of environment inour lives. This is the worlds most important resource and every effortshould be made to protect the biodiversity of the Earth. Our very existencehinges on such a thing.

The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath

When the former colony of the British Empire rose up in rebellion, the ragtag army led by General Washington defeated the battle-scarred war machine of the English army. The founding fathers of the United States of America declared that all men are equal and proceeded to build a great nation. But less than a century later, the words uttered in the Declaration of Independence became the bone of contention between North and South.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The former wanted to abolish slavery while the latter desperately wanted to perpetuate an institution that they desperately needed to sustain their way of life. The Southern states believed that it is their right to own and utilize slaves and then declared that they do not want any part of the Union. The government was forced to go to war to preserve the Union. In the aftermath of th e bloody war, the South was devastated by the scorch earth policy of the North. Looking back it would have been better if diplomacy prevailed and that guns, cannons and bayonets were never used to settle an issue. Introduction In the 19th century the United States went through a tumultuous period. Less than a century earlier, the colony of Great Britain secured its independence after trumping British forces in the American Revolution. But the euphoria that came from realizing that they were free from the encumbrances of tyranny was short lived. In the aftermath of the revolution the American people faced the daunting task of building a nation from scratch. Nation building in itself is very difficult, but the fledgling Union was also pressured to come up with a resolution to a very contentious issue – the ownership Negro slaves. Whites and blacks saw two divergent perspectives when it comes to this issue and the struggle brought them to the battlefield to settle their differen ces. It has to be pointed out that before the New World became the United States of America, there were two major streams of migration that help build it into one of the most powerful nations on earth. The first one came from Europe and the second one came from Africa. The first one was voluntary the second one was forced. Negro slaves came by the boat loads. Slave traders facilitated their transfer into the hands of their masters. Slave owners purchased them as if they were cattle. These were also plantation owners who had established themselves as successful owners of vast tracts of land belonging to what will be known as the South.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During those times it was not hard to accept the fact that there are those who are supposed to rule and there are those who are supposed to serve. After the establishment of the Union, it did not take long before owners hip of Negro slaves became a divisive issue. As a result nation building took a major step backwards. Instead of going forward capitalizing from the gains of the American Revolution, Northern and Southern states were at loggerhead in their interpretation of the aforementioned Declaration of Independence. This piece of document meant two different things for two opposing forces. Those who are against slavery used the argument that all men are indeed created equal. The Southern states on the other hand resented the way the government tried to force their ideas – particularly in the area of slave ownership. For them the Declaration of Independence is a reminder that an oppressive government must be challenged and removed from society. From Old to New In the 19th century, the world has changed and America has changed. It was already made clear from many declarations as well as the passing of related laws that slavery is no longer an acceptable practice. Slavery had to be abolishe d. The Declaration of Independence authored by founding fathers made it very clear that all men are created equal. It is now considered immoral for slave owners to continue enslaving people and treating them like bests of burden. Even if slave owners will open their hearts and minds to this kind of argument it would be very difficult for them to change overnight. For one, their source of income depended on the use of slaves. Secondly, they have to maintain the status quo where whites are on top and the blacks are at the bottom of the social hierarchy. It would be extremely difficult for them to relinquish control. This simply means that if the white slave owners will have a sudden change of heart and free their slaves, then no one will run their farms for them. What then will they eat and how can they maintain their lifestyle? This was not an easy question for many landholders and slave owners. Thus, they had to believe in the idea that they had the right to continually own slaves.A dvertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aside from principles of freedom and equality, the abolition of slavery came from the pens and speeches of former slaves as well as sympathizers in the North. Many of the slaves could not wait for the government to rescue them. So they ran away to the North. In the prelude to the Civil War the national government facilitated the abolition of slavery in many parts of the country. Northern states began to change their policies in favor of Negro slaves. Thus, it encouraged some to escape and flee the South. They were known collectively as abolitionists. Many of the abolitionists believe in the power of the written word to influence and open the eyes of the many. They continued to do so before, during and after the Civil War. Negro slaves who learned how to read and write while still in bondage used found the c hance to use their talents when they were able to escape from their masters. Through their writings they exposed the wickedness of slavery and this helped many to realize that it is imperative to support the cause of the abolitionists. While there were former slaves who used the pen to fight slavery in the South there were also those who were daring enough to help those fleeing slaves and gave them protection from those who wanted to bring them back to the their owners. Influential leaders shaped history through their words and actions and one of them was a woman named Harriet Tubman. This lady displayed unusual courage as well as intelligence in maintaining an underground network for helping slaves on the run. When the Civil War erupted she served as soldier, nurse and spy for the Union Army. Before the war Tubman was very successful in leading the Underground Railroad. This is a network comprised of homes and families willing to risk their lives to aid fleeing slaves. They are mos tly Quakers, New England Yankees, and free blacks (Calore, 2008, p.23). While a system was in place, for the Underground Railroad to work there is a need for an able â€Å"conductor† a sort of a guide that will help Negro slaves travel 15 treacherous miles before they cross the border between North and South. One of the most daring and resourceful conductor was Harriet Tubman.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tubman was a former slave and came from pure African ancestry. This explains her tenacity and willingness to risk her life just so she can help a great number of Negro slaves escape the horrible life of bondage that she is well acquainted with. Her popularity is not only aided by her success but also by the strategies that she employed to ensure that her party will never be tracked down and apprehended by their slave masters. According to one report Tubman carried a loaded pistol and threatened the fleeing Negro slaves in her care that she will shoot those who will lose heart and turn back. Her experience in the Underground Railroad gave her mastery of the terrain that crisscross between North and South as a result, â€Å"The Union army, realizing that she had extensive knowledge about the geography and many routes in and out of Confederate territory, recruited her to help in their efforts in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida† (Eggleston, 2003, p.122). She proved an invaluable help to the Union army as her expertise would help them save time and also to formulate the correct strategies in fighting the Confederate army. Her life became an inspiration to many and prompted others to serve in the cause. Tubman was unselfish. She could have died doing all those subversive acts. It is common knowledge during those days that slave masters hired slave hunters whose sole task was to track down, apprehend and drag slaves back to where they belong. Tubman could have had a chance encounter with a slave hunter but she was able to elude all of them. At the end she was responsible for helping many achieve freedom.  Aside from Tubman there was also another influential figure and his name is Frederick Douglass. Slave owners and their sympathizers can conjure clever arguments against the preservation of the slave system but when Douglass slave spoke out about the cruelty and depravations experienced by Negro slaves it is hard not to agree with his indictment of the said practice, which according to him undermines the greatness of America and he said: The existence of slavery in this country brands your republicanism as a sham, your humanity as a base pretense, and your Christianity as a lie. It destroys your moral power abroad; it corrupts your politicians at home. It saps the foundation of religion; it makes your name a hissing, and byword to a mocking earth (Lowance, 2003, p. 222). The words of these great men and women created tremendous pressure so that the Federal Government could no longer ignore the plight of the Negro Slaves. The Union challenged the South to give up their slaves. The South made a move that forced the North to declare war. When the South made known their desire to secede, it was only a matter of time before Union soldiers would invade the South. America was plunged into Civil War. Douglas, Tubman and other writers and intellectuals were the inspiration of those who were in bondage to aspire for freedom and new i dentity as freed men and women. But aside from eloquent speakers and gifted writers, Negro slaves were also inspired by those who were drafted by the Federal Government to fight the Confederate Army. At first it seems that Negro slaves would have to be content to stay at the sidelines and be mere spectators to a war that will determine their destiny as American citizens. But it did not take long before the Union Army decided to recruit them and made them a part of the fighting force that will help liberate their brethren who were still in bondage. Those who were living as free men in the Northern states were conscripted into the army (Donovan Griess, 2002, p.21). But officially the first recruitment of blacks took place in the occupied areas of the South and this was made possible by an act passed in July 1862 (Donovan Griess, 2002, p.21). This is clearly a strategic move as well as a political one. There is need for more troops and what could be a better solution than to use newl y freed slaves in the fight to free others. The recruitment of former Negro slaves into the Union army was a significant event. When they took on the uniform of the North it was the acceptance that they so desired. According to one local newspaper, â€Å"It is an honor understood by our fathers who fount on the plains of Chalmette in 1815 †¦ he who defends his fatherland is the real citizen, and this time we are fighting for the rights of our race† (Tunnell, 1992, p.71). A more excited response was recorded when someone said that, â€Å"From the day that bayonets were placed in the hands of the blacks †¦ the Negro became a citizen of the United States† (Tunnell, 71). But freedom came at a price and no one knew how to deal with the aftermath of the Civil War. Shaping U.S. History According to Ron Eyerman, â€Å"Four million slaves were liberated at the end of the civil war. The exact figure was 3, 953, 696, which represents about 12.6 percent of the total Ame rican population and 32 percent of the Southern population† (2001, p. 23). This is a sizable portion of the population. This figure also means that the whole economic landscape was significantly altered by the event. The South was devastated and crumbled at the onslaught brought upon by Union soldiers (Franklin, 1994, p.2). On the other hand the Negro slaves were freed and the emancipation that they had hoped for had finally arrived. It was supposed to be a story book ending. Freedom loving Union troops attacked the Southern states and liberated scores of Negro slaves. If it was a chapter in world’s best fairy tales book, the last scene would have depicted slaves packing up their belongings and leaving their master’s home for good, never looking back excited to chart their own destiny. But it did not end that way. Everyone was so preoccupied with the idea of freeing the slaves that no one had the time to figure out the consequences of such moves. In the aftermath of the Civil War, the following eyewitness account made it very clear that was should have been avoided, and he wrote, â€Å"Fields were laid waste, cities burned, bridges and roads destroyed †¦ even most of the woefully inadequate factories were leveled †¦ and if the Union forces did not loot quite as many smokehouses and pantries as they were blamed for, what they did do emphasized the helplessness of the once proud Confederates† (Franklin, 1994, p.2). This could have been averted if only both sides were willing to make a compromise. Yet they did not and even today the impact of the U.S. Civil war can still be felt. Even before the first volley was fired men and women of insight were able to see that a Civil War will serve only to bring the Union close to the brink if extinction. In the period following the Civil War, in a time known as the Reconstruction, whites and blacks continued to have differing perspectives in the aftermath. The Negro people in the time of Reconstruction were suddenly aware of their rights and yet at the same time fearing that they will never experience the real meaning of freedom. Thus, many of them migrated to the Northern states. On the other hand while the white people in the South grudgingly accepted defeat as well as the political and economic ramifications of that defeat, they also knew very well that the newly freed slaves will remain second class citizens especially in their states. It would require a successful Civil Rights movement and the passage of time before white and blacks can see eye to eye with regards to equality and human rights. Importance of Studying History Without a correct understanding of history one can simplify the events of the U.S. Civil War and say that it was merely a fight for freedom in behalf of the Negro Slaves. Although there is much truth to this statement, much has been left unsaid. It is also important to show that the war was destructive to both blacks and whites. It is a sad commentary to the post-slavery period that there are many former African-American slaves who were not able to capitalize on freedom. And no one can blame them. They were taken captive from their ancestral land and then placed in an environment where they were treated as animals. It only takes a few years for the mind to adjust to the new surroundings. And therefore when freedom came, the man has already turned into a non-thinking drone unable to do anything without the guiding whip of the harsh taskmasters. One of the first African-American intellectual, George Washington Williams wrote about the sad plight of the newly freed slaves, â€Å"Here were four million human beings without clothing, shelter, homes, and alas most without names. The galling harness of slavery had been cut off of their weary bodies, and like a worn out beat of burden they stood in their tracks scarcely able to go anywhere† (Eyerman, 2001, p. 23). So for every single African-American who was able to ri se out of poverty and ignorance there are other countless poor souls who could not figure out the meaning of freedom. A correct understanding of history will reveal the evils of war. As a result policy makers in the present time will gain wisdom by studying history. They will realize that war must be used a last resort. There are times when war is indeed inevitable. But it must be made clear that war brings with it a destructive force that no army or population can control. In many instances the destruction and the emotional wounds far outweigh the gain. Conclusion The U.S. Civil War was one of the most important events in the history of the United States. It was a war that threatened to destroy the Union. In hindsight it would have been better if North and South laid down their differences and worked hard to find a way to resolve their differences. The destruction of the South and the sudden emancipation of Negro slaves created an economic backlash. The South struggled to rebuild w hile former Negro slaves are faced with the dilemma of freedom without resources to use in order to create a life of dignity and respect. Ironically, the war did not solve their problems; it even required a Civil Rights movement in order for the members of the Negro race to experience total emancipation. However, it must be made clear that in a situation where two opposing forces are adamant about the righteousness of their respective stance, there is no other option but to go to war. References Calore, P. (2008).The Causes of the Civil War: The Political, Cultural, Economic and Territorial Disputes Between  North and South. North Carolina: McFraland Company, Inc. Donovan, T. T. Griess. (2002). The American Civil War. New York: Square One Publishers. Eggleston, L. (2003). Women in the Civil War. North Carolina: McFarland Company, Inc. Franklin, J. H. (1994). Reconstruction After the Civil War. IL: University of Chicago Press. Lowance, M. (2003). A House Divided: The Antebellum Slavery Debates in America, 1776-1865. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Tunnell, T. (1992). Crucible of Reconstruction. LA: Louisiana State University. This term paper on The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath was written and submitted by user Giselle Daniels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Billy Budd by Herman Melville Essay Example

Billy Budd by Herman Melville Essay Example Billy Budd by Herman Melville Paper Billy Budd by Herman Melville Paper The story, Billy Budd, by Herman Melville embodies many themes.   The same story has also been the subject of many different interpretations because of these themes.   One of the more popular interpretations has to do with the many different allusions to the holy Christian bible.   Billy has often been interpreted as Adam from the book of Genesis, while his counterpart, Claggart, has often been compared to the serpent in the Garden of Eden or as Satan.   The reason for this comparison has to do with the sacrifice that Billy makes at the end of the story.   Good natured and kind hearted, Billy becomes the innocent victim of a harsh society.   In order to make this portrayal, however, it is necessary to briefly discuss the trials and tribulations that Billy endured. The goodness of Billy is highlighted more during the times when Claggart tries to tempt Billy in committing dastardly acts and deeds of evil; the temptations that Claggart dangles in Billy’s way show Claggart’s different attempts to destroy the character of Billy.   This is analogous to the situation in the Garden of Eden where the Serpent tries to deceive Adam into taking the fruit of the forbidden tree.   The description of Claggart’s dead body as it lies lifeless in the form of a snake reinforces this point. This is an important characterization that is used well in the story as it makes it easier for the readers to identify one of the many themes that are embedded in Billy Budd.   Without these comparisons to Adam, the innocence and the tragedy of the downfall of Billy would not be as highlighted as they are in the story.   The reason for this is that it is this buildup that actually explains the demise of Billy Budd. While it is easy to compare the image of Billy Budd to that of a modern day messiah, it must also be pointed out that he was far from it.   The goodness that Billy espoused in his character was paralleled by the evil that he evoked from Claggart.   At the end of the story, the rage that consumes Billy and prompts him to smite Claggart is quite unlike that of the forgiving messiah who willingly gave up his life so that others may live.   There was goodness in Billy’s heart but there was also pain and confusion as he struck the mortal blow.   This is not the image of a messiah but rather the image of a victim of the harsh reality that is embodied in society. The sacrifice that Billy makes in the end becomes the haunting image of how a hostile society can corrupt the lives and minds of the innocent ones.   There is single person that can be blamed for the death of Billy.   Instead, Billy’s death was a result of all of the things that he had to experience in life.   There was never anything easy about the life of Billy.   It seemed that everywhere along the way there was something major that he had to decide on.   While ideally Billy was somebody to emulate, the experiences and the tribulations that he had to deal with were far from it.   In the end, there is nobody who can be blamed for the death of Billy but society itself because it was society which made the circumstances such and even, arguably, led Billy to his demise. There are no heroes in real life.   There are only those people who live their lives fully hoping that they can make a difference in this world.   The story of Billy Budd is about one of those individuals who live his life the only way he knows how yet is condemned by those who envy him.   As the Captain claimed, he was a good man who was condemned by bad law.   Billy may not be the hero that the world is looking for but he certainly ranks as one of those men who is worthy of respect and admiration.

Organization Structure and Work of Detroit Electric Case Study

Organization Structure and Work of Detroit Electric - Case Study Example Detroit Electric Company invests in outlining what work it requires to be done and then outsources the services of other companies. It does not do any design or manufacturing. The company maintains that this kind of organizational structure helps it escape capital expenses which may be too huge for it to afford at this point in time, bearing in mind that it is still at startup level. However, there is the indication that this company may slowly stop outsourcing its operations as time goes by and as their revenues continue to build on. This is due to the fact that they attribute their outsourcing arrangement to ‘avoiding capital costs which could be fatal to its start-up’ (p. 512). The reason why Detroit Electric chose to use this structure is to capitalize on the economic advantage that is brought by a division of work into highly specialized or precise jobs. The company realized that there was already the presence of specialized vehicle manufacturing companies such as Proton Holdings where manufacturing resources could be outsourced to. Proton Holdings was chosen to do the manufacturing activities of Detroit Electric because it had a modern production facility was committed to research and development, was cost-efficient, stable, and had a highly qualified labor force. Detroit Electric Company is on pace to present its electric vehicles to the market only three years after its inception. On the other hand, Ford will have taken forty years to produce a viable electric car by 2011. The pace of development in these two companies is affected by the organizational structures the two companies have deployed in their organizations. The organizational structure defines the manner in which the human resource is organized and their reporting arrangements.

Nurse Political Leader Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nurse Political Leader - Speech or Presentation Example The leadership relationship in transaction based type is put to thrive in the exchange scenario where the subordinate continuously serves the leader in exchange for what is offered in return. The bargain in context reveals that though there may lack the favourable conditions and environment for the followers or subordinates to deliver under normal circumstances, the leader goes further to provide the required conditions necessary to deliver. The leader therefore defines the criteria to be followed at the exchange of benefits to the subordinates (Hartog, Muijen & Koopman, 1997).Transformational leadership on the other hand refers to the leadership style that offers emotional attachment instead of the award entitlement. Transformational leaders inspire their subordinates towards the course of achieving the set goals and objectives (Pastor & Mayo, 2006). The leaders behaviour through which the followers easily identify with drive the leadership. Transactional and transformational leader ship are seen to ascribe to the trait theory in that in cases, personality as well as intelligence that they exhibit distinct them from the common person’s traits (Anon, 2009). ... For instance, in 2009, the representative consented to and approve the prohibition of use of tobacco as a drug and supported the formulation of the ‘children’s health insurance program’. Concerning the bill to confer to mental health full attentions like the physical health in 2008, she supported. She is equally quoted to have supported and campaigned on supporting SCHIP to cover more children in the nation within the previous years. Concerning damages on lawsuits about medical practices, she rejected the bill to lower the 250000-dollar damage costs in the year 2004. These among other significant positions in her political career have been very instrumental in defining her leadership in matters of medical concern (Anon, 1999-2012). However, her political career has had a great blow, which would serve as a draw back in her efforts to competently defend her positions and propositions regarding formulation of laws on health because of her ailment in cancer (Weiner, 2 013). In 21 June 2013, the House of Democrats adopted and incorporated the representative’s priorities and initiatives in the federal education bill as proposed for the week. The representative is quoted to have been very vocal in education matters where she ascertains that passing better educational bills would be very instrumental in shaping the destiny and future of the US as a whole. Her priorities in the education bill in the house of senate include smarter and better funding to education, civic rights protection as well as better accountabilities for students, family engagement in children education, student health as a necessary tool for excellence in education and safety plans for schools. Moreover, the bill advocates for

The Positive Impact Of Tourism In Dubai Tourism Essay

The Positive Impact Of Tourism In Dubai Tourism Essay There are more than 200 national economies involved in the competition of destination market and as of 2006 worlds governments have exceeded its expenditures US$1,480 billion to make their states as destination brand (Balakrishnan, 2008). This literature review aims to identify and examine the positive impact of the tourism in Dubai with especial perspective of hospitality industry. Historically Dubai is significant tourism destinations for world class comfort to tourists (Steiner, 2010) and tourism in Dubai has further impacted the hospitality industry in Dubai. It is reported that tourism is an integral part for economic growth of Dubai (Lee Jain, 2009) as this industry accounts for 1.2 per cent of total GDP and the combined impact is expected to total 11.6 per cent in 2005 (Ryan Stewart, 2009) and the development made in Dubai is helping the government to attract more tourist to travel to Dubai (Henderson, 2006). This study has aim to identify tourism as growing industry in Duba i while also discussing the increasing importance of the sector and its positive impact on the hospitality industry caused by increasing promotion of tourism. The Importance of Growing Tourism Industry in Dubai Tourism as an Industry Tourism is comprised of individuals activities to travel and stay outside their usual permanent places for one consecutives year (Steiner, 2010). In the broader term the industry of tourism means all socio-economic activities that are directly or indirectly involves the provision of services to tourists (Henderson, 2006). According to the World Tourism Organizations Standard Classification of Tourism Activities, different other sectors are also associated with the development of tourism industry including lodges, transportation means, food and beverage, culture and entertainment and finance (Ryan Stewart, 2009). Tourism Industry in Dubai The latest report of World Travel and Tourism Council has highlighted Dubai as the most world-class destination for tourism and also reveals that the industry of tourism in Dubai has grown to 14 per cent annually (Stephenson Knight, 2010). Over 100 tourism and leisure projects are underway and now the tourism sector accounts for almost a quarter of the Emirates annual GDP. To examine this figure there is need to evaluate the tourism industry in Dubai. Dubai is the capital city of the UAE and one of the fastest developing cities (Walker, 2009). With number of remarkable and outstanding tourists spots, Dubai has been the most popular destination for tourists. In addition, Dubai is also considered as hub of all tourism activities in Gulf while economy of Dubai majorly depends on tourism (Henderson, 2006). Since large number of tourists and travelers from different part of the world through Dubai for leisure purposes, this tendency of tourists has naturally led to increase the demand fo r the services of hospitality industry and providing different job opportunities in Dubai (Richard, 2008). However, the industry of tourism and hospitality is already well developed as a result of large number of travelers visiting the city the government is strategizing to more develop these industries (OConnor, 2010). Moreover, the strategic implementation made by the government for the development of tourism has remarkably impacted the hospitality industry and this impact has been observed as positive (Weiermair Mathies, 2004). Development in the Tourism Industry in Dubai The industry of tourism is an important part of Dubais economic growth as result of increase flow of foreign cash into the country (Boniface Cooper, 2009). Dubai possesses a significant position in the world tourism and to maintain this position the government of Dubai has strategized to more develop and boost other agencies and industries related to tourism such as hospitality, banking and finance system and transportation (Marcus, 2010). The government realized that in order to reshape the industry the government has to signify the wholesome approach for development of Dubai (Henderson, 2006). To Walker (2009), the development of Dubai as tourist destination and business center has attracted the hospitality operators. Moreover, Dubai also allures the tourists for its shopping malls, architectural buildings and Islamic architecture, the government also focuses on the above sectors of the city so that it could maintain the sustainable interest and attention of the tourists for trave lling. In the development of hospitality industry the hotels and resorts are developed as major part that helps to promote the tourism in Dubai (Eisen, 2008). The plan of Burj Dubai in Dubai has globalized its hospitality services by expanding its lodging brand globally to key destinations in the Middle East (Dunbar, 2009). Impacts of Tourism in Hospitability Sector of Dubai Social and Cultural impacts It may be possible that tourism influences the social and cultural aspects of life in specific area depending on the strengths of cultural and religion. The relationship between the hospitality sector and the tourists can be considered as the main factor affecting a community as tourists may not be sensitive to domestic customers, traditions and standards. The positive impacts on the area include the benefits which include: Domestic community can mingle with individuals from the different backgrounds with distinct lifestyles which might lead through the demonstration effect towards the development of enhanced lifestyles and implementations. Wide range of cultural and social events available for domestic people which include exhibitions, entertainment etc. Enhanced facilities for sports and leisure developed for the tourists which might be in use by domestic people Encouraging the youth exchange programs, voluntary work overseas, etc. Under the light of above key points, it can be said that Dubai is one of the best tourist destination (Stephenson, 2010) where the establishment of tourism has positive effects on social and cultural life of the region (Balakrishnan, 2008). Economic Impacts The main source to the success of Dubai is the ability and prediction of good opportunities, along with the avoided saturation of tourism industry by creating more beaches, tourist activities etc. The tourism in hospitality sector within Dubai is increasing at a faster pace without showing any sign of decline. The hospitality industry is helping in satisfying the demand of tourism in order to compete across the world effectively. The bulk of tourists are accounted for approximately twenty percent of hotel guests and during 2007, hospitality industry of Dubai received 92,328 tourists from China which was approximately a thirty five percent increase per year. The economic effect on the hospitality sector in tourism of Dubai includes the increased employment level (Sharpley, 2008) with the increasing development of hotels, increased revenue in terms of tourists arrivals in Dubai. Environmental Impact In most general terms, the environment has the significant and prominent effect on the tourism in hospitality industry within Dubai. There have been major hotel developments in Dubai which widely include the Palm, Dubai Tower, Burj al Arab hotel etc. Moreover, Dubai has evolved into the major shopping destination along with the Arab traditional culture which is intended to be expanded (Sharpley, 2008). The tourism within hospitality sector means to provide a comforting and soothing environment to the tourists while staying in hotels of Dubai. The planning structure of Dubai has been working on this perspective and brought various improvements in hospitality industry which attracts tourists on wide scale every year (Lee Jain, 2009). The positive impacts on environment in Dubai within hospitality industry may include increased income for preservation of various facilities, encouraging the conservation of features etc. Moreover Dubai land is considered to be the largest theme park acro ss the globe which is twice the size of Disney land existed in Florida. Conclusion This literature review examined the tourism industry in Dubai and found that with increasing rate of tourists the government of Dubai has taken initiations to more develop the sectors and industry associated with the tourism industry (OConnor, 2010). Moreover, in the review it is found that hospitality industry is the most impacted sector and this impact has been observed as positive. Dubai offers tourists a fascinating adventure along with five-star leisure facilities, attractive beaches, Arabian hospitality and cultural blend of old and new cultures (Dubai, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. 2005). However, there are other sectors that provide growth to tourism but hospitality has become backbone of the tourism as mostly tourists are attracted traveling to Dubai due to its well developed and appealing hospitality. It is found that tourism has greatly affected social, cultural, economic and environment aspects of hospitality. However, the changes caused by constant development in the tourism has given new opportunity to different fields of life, development of hotels, shopping malls and others have expanded the Arab traditional culture. As a result of such development social and cultural life of Dubai is also impacted and due to increasing tourism domestic community gets an opportunity to mingle with people from different backgrounds. Since wide range of cultural and social events is arranged in Dubai it leaves a positive impact on the local people of Dubai. Moreover, increasing growth of tourism has also impacted the enhanced facilities for sports and leisure spots developed fo r tourists.

Prison Gangs: Gangs and Security Threat Group Awareness Essay -- secur

One of the major problems of corrections today is the security threat group - more commonly known as the prison gang. A security threat group (STG) can be defined as any group of offenders who pose a treat to the security and physical safety of the institution. Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, prison gangs focused primarily on uniting inmates for self protection and the monopolization of illegal prison activities for monetary gain (F.B.P., 1994, p. 2). STGs are mostly divided along racial lines and practiced defiance towards authority. STGs use a variety of hand signs, alphabet codes, tattoos, and different types of gang terminology. Gangs characteristically have rivals and make an alliance with other gangs. The criminal activity of S.T.G.’s does not only exist inside the confines of the prison walls, but has flowed to the outside world. â€Å"Prostitution, extortion, drug selling, gambling, loan sharking – such activities are invariably operated by prison gan gs† (Gaines, Kaune, Miller, 2000, p.652). The Texas Prison System consists of eleven classified security threat groups; Texas chooses to classify a gang as a STG when they become involved in violent activity. â€Å"Prison gangs exist in the institutions of forty states and also in the federal system† (Clear and Cole, 2000, p. 260). Three main stages that the offender will experience with the S.T.G. are recruitment, the gang experience, and affiliation upon release. Recruiting efforts begin with the intake of the offender into the prison system. The best recruitment takes place in transfer facilities where offenders are held before they are classified as to what security level prison they will be sent to. There are steps that must be followed when becoming a prospectiv... ...y not only endanger themselves, but also family and friends. As it is stated in many of the by-laws, â€Å"blood in, blood out†-membership is for life. Bibliography: Bohm, R.M., & Haley, K.N.(1999). Introduction to Criminal Justice (2nd edition). New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Clear, T.R., & Cole, G.F.(2000). American Corrections (5th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Federal Bureau of Prisons.(1994) Security Threat Groups Symbols and Terminology (Fall 1994 edition). Sacramento: U.S. Government Printing Office. Gaines, L.K., & Kaune, M., & Miller, R.L.(2000) Criminal Justice in Action. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Ralph, P.H.(1997). From Self Preservation to Organized Crime: The Evolution of Inmate Gangs. In J.W. Marquart, & J.R. Sorensen (Eds.). Correctional Contexts: Contemporary and Classical Readings (pp. 182-186). Los Angeles: Roxbury

Geopolitics and globalization Essay

Geopolitics is a field of study that is responsible for analyzing history, geography and social science with a special reference to spatial politics through patterns of various scales, ranging from state to international levels. It gives a critical examination of economic and political issues in relation geographical frontiers. In this context, geography is defined in terms of function, size, location and relationship of resources and places. Traditionally, geopolitics indicates causal relationships and links between geographic space and political power. It is seen as a concrete line of thought used to essay specific and strategic prescriptions that lay their basis on the relative significance of sea power and land power in the history of the world (Gearnoid, 1998, pp. 33). The consistent concerns of the geopolitical tradition included the relationships between terrestrial and naval capabilities, the identification of international core areas and the geopolitical correlates of power in the world of politics. Geopolitics were conducted through a geopolitical system, that was seen as an ensemble of relations between the interests focused to an area, international political factors, ways, geographical elements and space. Geopolitics is a branch of political geography concerning the assessment of reciprocal relations between politics, geography and power as well as the interactions that arise from their combination. It is therefore a scientific discipline with a basic science nature (Klauds, 2000, pp. 12). Radically, contemporally use of geopolitics deviates from the original use in the 19th century. Originally, geopolitics served as a reflection of international affairs under a strong influence by social Darwinism. Under this, there was a limited significance of international law, global norms and multilateralism all of which signaled realist view of international affairs cynically. The concept currently denotes interplay of geographic space, strategic dominance and natural resources. In connection to earlier usage of the term, its growing use brings on board the need to reflect on the rise of multipolarity in the early 21st century and the renaissance of great power rivalry (Neil, 2005, pp. 23). As the world is changing, there has been great pressure upon traditional or old systems of societal governance and operation. This has been a movement towards globalization, a state where different social setups, economies, technocrats and political affiliates interact, share ideas, problems, challenges and experiences. A globalized society understands, anticipates and advocates for freedom and rights. Globalization encompasses the preaching of rights, justice, freedom, and peace continued support of masses and majority rule to citizens in promoting their own morality related believes. Through interaction, global community has become one society with commonalities in political, social, economic, cultural and technological beacons. Through the process, ideologies of many communities have been alignment towards the same point in both material and non material concerns of life. This change has influenced the original interpretation and applicability of geopolitics limiting the role it initially played (Agnew, 2003, pp. 45). Globalization is therefore premier buzzwords in 21st century, referring to a world which is stretched, interdependent, integrated, shrunk, interwoven, connected and less territorially segmented into various cultural and economic zones. Due to the above description, it is seen as shorthand towards economic liberalism spontaneously adopted by governments of the world, as a social modernization scaled up from national to whole world status with time and also as an economic technological process through the compression of time and space, highly challenging geopolitics (Gearnoid, 1998, pp. 34). Since globalization and geopolitics aspects show some degree of compatibility regardless of the time factor, globalization is of late seen to replace geopolitics. Geopolitics was seen as an issue concerning great powers and empires imposing territorial control to various boundaries whereas globalization is a world that knows no boundaries. This means that globalization has geopolitical roots. Globalization represents a stark break of the geopolitics of the cold war (Brunn, 2004, pp. 20). The free world economy was started during the cold war, through the mantra of the new globalizing economy. Globalization has initiated a new regime of market access through a revolutionary process by international organizations including WTO, GATT, World Bank and IMF. These institutions have aided in departing from geopolitics through enforcement of radical economic liberalism. As a result a new economic geography has emerged, characterized by tension towards continued regulation of economic activities and a world economy with organized flow of goods and capital in locations that are widely scattered. Therefore as geopolitics decay in the current society, there is significant aspiration towards a higher level of global economic development. (http://www. informationclearinghouse. info/article11747. htm) Through globalization, the geographical logic of the world has changed by addressing the disparities between the territorial and interactional modes of capitalism organization. Globalization does not only reshuffle geopolitics in its nature of globality, but through the combination of global networks and localized territorial fragmentation. Geopolitics era structured the world economy into territorial entities such as colonial empires, states and geopolitical spheres of influence (Greer, 2000, pp. 30). In another perspective, globalization is not seen to mark the end of geopolitics but reform it. The main novelty today is the role of economic prosperity, underdevelopment of cross-border flows, networks linking nation to hinderlands and the increased differentiations between regions and localities because of the existing biases along the spatial channel. This clearly shows that globalization has no marked the end of geopolitics, but entails its reformulation from an economic mapping based on territories to a more complex mosaic of states, localities, global city regions and regions differentially integrated into the global economy. This means there exists geopolitics of contemporally globalization concerning the operational and originality structure. To indicate that globalization has not marked the end of geopolitics, social and political boundaries have not disappeared but are in a process of reconstitution along and across long established ones (Larrabee, 2003, pp. 12). Geopolitics was hegemonic in nature. For many years, geopolitics has been known to limit political and economic influence of many countries through dividing the world into territorial empires and trading blocs. The limitation was facilitated through enactment and enforcement of powerful strains to minimize the involvement in political affairs and foreign economic affairs. Geopolitics was highly supported by the autarkic dogmas of soviet communism and competitive trading blocs which were partly blamed for the great depressions of the 1930s. After the Second World War, a strong internationalist American agenda was brought in to counterpoint the effects of the communistic societies by sponsoring international investments, currency convertibility and free trade. This effort towards a free world order provided the groundwork to internationalization of global activities. According to this explanation, we can say that geopolitics laid down the groundwork to globalization. On the other hand, Globalization can thus be said to be a kind of geopolitics that has undergone transition within time and spatial dimensions (Heymann, 2005, pp. 67). Twentieth century economic globalization has been linked to two issues that indicate the linkage between geopolitics and globalization. These issues were both political and economic because they aimed at promoting as realization of continental expansion and later to global expansion in political, economic and social spheres. First, expansion of market was viewed as a necessity towards social well being and national political well being. Second, economic liberty or independence was viewed as the foundation for freedom per se. these views opened a new page as far as geopolitics is concerned (Buqajski, 2002, pp. 43). Early in the 21st century America underwrote continental expansion but stimulated foreign market for their commodities. However, the power of the government to control private economic activities was limited by federal subunits and the divisions of power between the branches of federal government. Such branches included the congress, the presidency and the Supreme Court. This system depicts how firm and conservative geopolitics was. On the other hand it shows how globalization was challenged by the system of governance before starting to grow. Globalization was experiencing a pull apart scenario from tiers of government and federal branches. Down the years, the country and other several nations have extended their powers beyond continental to global frontiers. This means the role of geopolitics in modeling the system of governance is decreasing with time, but it shall not bet forgotten that it serves as the bottom line for change, the change being renamed as the globalization (Herd, 2002, pp. 65). For globalization to be completely explored, it is necessary to assess the role played by geopolitics in its structuring. This is because of the commonalities the two concepts have. Such process will involve comparison between hegemonic power against democracy or devolution. The regime makers in this changing world determine the speed, scope and nature of globalization, regarding how far they are free from geopolitics. The roots of geopolitics indicate the reforms in markets, concentration of political and economic power and hegemony (http://www. informationclearinghouse. info/article11747. htm). To show the current scenarios in issues of globalization and geopolitics, many media commenter, IPE scholars and policy makers criticize de territorial threats from Middle East on the failure to adjust and embrace globalization. This has forced United States of America to use force and bring Middle East to globalization through a slogan that disconnectedness defines a danger. The Middle East is claimed to lie centrally to a vast region that is disconnected to global flow of security, capital and people to sustain mutually assured dependence. Americans have claimed to be fighting geopolitics in the Middle East region. It is said that geopolitical imaginary in the Middle East is blind towards networks of transnational mobility across the region. The study and consideration of geopolitics in the region gives the micro foundations of globalization in the area. It is also widely believed that the rate of globalization is inversely related to extend of geopolitics (Gearnoid, 1998, pp. 35). Areas with high rate of geopolitics are thought to have low rates of globalization and vice versa, but none completely outdoes the other. This means both concepts are important for the involved elements around the globe to intermingle efficiently. This is built on pluralistic theory of globalization, stating that transnational processes and diverse global processes are heterogeneously shaped by agents and networks of alternative geopolitical imaginaries (Agnew, 2006, pp. 16). Specifically the way to globalization can be evaluated by considering the geopolitics of tourism since 2001 in the Middle East region. As opposed to many, tourism has significantly developed since then. Public and private sectors in tourism that initially focused on tourism from industrialized nations have redirected their efforts towards both domestic and regional tourist flow paving way to new, more regional and stylish tourist development. Today, new and emerging forms of regional Islamic tourism and Arabic tourism, propelled by oil income expansion and consumer behavior shifts have remapped globalization meaning in the region. Firms, states and various actors across Middle East are seeking negotiation on own interaction with global economy, promising to assert manipulation of their local spaces and territory and therefore define their itineraries of globalization (Klauds, 2000, pp. 19).

The Role of Chief Justice of the United States

Often incorrectly called the chief justice of the Supreme Court, the chief justice of the United States is the nation’s highest-ranking judicial official, and speaking for the judicial branch of the federal government, and serving as the chief administrative officer for the federal courts. In this capacity, the chief justice heads the Judicial Conference of the United States, the chief administrative body of the U.S. federal courts,  and appoints the director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. A Chief Justices Main Duties As primary duties, the chief justice presides over oral arguments before the Supreme Court and sets the agenda for the courts meetings. Of course, the chief justice presides over the Supreme Court, which includes eight other members called associate justices. The chief justices vote carries the same weight as those of the associate justices, though the role does require duties that the associate justices dont perform. As such, the chief justice is traditionally paid more than the associate justices. The 2018 annual salary of the chief justice set by Congress, is $267,000, slightly higher than the $255,300 salary of the associate justices. When voting with the majority in a case decided by the Supreme Court, the chief justice may choose to write the Courts opinion  or to assign the task to one of the associate justices. History of the Chief Justice Role The office of chief justice is not explicitly established in the U.S. Constitution. While Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the Constitution refers to a chief justice as presiding over Senate trials of presidential impeachment.  Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which establishes the Supreme Court itself, refers to all members of the Court simply as â€Å"judges.† The distinct titles of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States were created by the Judiciary Act of 1789. In 1866, Associate Justice Salmon P. Chase, who had been by to the Court by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864, convinced Congress to change the official title Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to the current Chief Justice of the United States. Chase reasoned that the new title better acknowledged the position’s duties within the judicial branch not directly related to the Supreme Court’s deliberations. In 1888, Chief Justice of the United States Melville Fuller became the first person to actually hold the modern title. Since 1789, 15 different presidents have made a total of 22 official nominations to either the original or the modern chief justice position. Since the Constitution mandates only that there must be a chief justice, the practice of appointment by the president with the consent of the Senate has been based solely on tradition. The Constitution does not specifically prohibit the use of other methods, as long as the chief justice is selected from among the other sitting justices. Like all federal judges, the chief justice is nominated by the president of the United States and must be confirmed by the Senate. The term-in-office of the chief justice is set by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which states that all federal judges shall hold their offices during good behavior, meaning that chief justices serve for life, unless they die, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process. Presiding Over Impeachments and Inaugurations The chief justice sits as the judge in  impeachments  of the president of the United States,  including when the vice  president of the United States  is the acting president. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presided over the Senate trial of President  Andrew Johnson  in 1868, and Chief Justice  William H. Rehnquist  presided over the trial of President William Clinton in 1999. While its thought the chief justice must swear in ​presidents at inaugurations, this is a purely traditional role. According to law, any federal or state judge is empowered to administer oaths of office, and even a notary public can perform the duty, as was the case when Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president in 1923. Procedure and Reporting and Inaugurations In day-to-day proceedings, the chief justice enters the courtroom first and casts the first vote when the justices deliberate, and also presides over closed-door conferences of the court in which votes are cast on pending appeals and cases heard in oral argument. Outside the courtroom, the chief justice writes an annual report to Congress about the state of the federal court system and appoints other federal judges to serve on various administrative and judicial panels. The chief justice also serves as chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution  and sits on the boards of the National Gallery of Art and the Hirshhorn Museum.